Individualism – Collectivism as Predictors of Employee Attitudes towards Union Membership: an Empirical Study of Employees of Bpo Sector in India
نویسنده
چکیده
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector is thriving in India but before the IteS market can really open out beyond the call centre model of business, sparks of trade unionism are now visible in the BPO and call centre industry in India. Nevertheless, there is a widely held view that important changes are occurring in the character of employee attitudes and it is argued that employees’ collectivist work orientations are in decline. This study investigates to what extent employee from BPO industries is going to get involved in unions. Drawing on data from survey of BPO industries in India, this paper explores the attitudes of employees towards union membership and identifies the determinants of this attitude. At first using Triandis (1995) framework of horizontal and vertical individualism-collectivism, the sample employees’ cultural orientation was measured. Next, consistent with some previous researches a measurement approach was employed that assessed individualism and collectivism as discrete measurements of organizational levels. Finally, test was done to detect whether the dimensions of I-C (HI, VI, HC, and VC) and organizational individualism and collectivism (OI and OC) are valid determinants of employees’ attitude towards union membership. The influence of interaction of vertical and horizontal I-C with OI and OC on attitude towards union membership was also measured. Analysis indicated that HI and VI predicted attitude with greater significance compared to HC and VC; and OC significantly predicted the attitude while OI could not. The 1 order interaction of HI with OI and OC was able to make significant influence on attitude, and so is the interaction of VC with OI, whereas 2 order interaction of VI with OI with OC was found to be able to make an influence on employees’ attitude. Identification of influence of 1 order and 2 order interactions of variables can help organizations diagnose their employees’ culture and identify potential levers for organizational change efforts in terms of true organizational culture change and employees’ perception change. Author
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